SOME GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES

Con el siguiente documento resumen, encuentras una ayuda fundamental para aprender y poner en practica algunos consejos de la gramática inglesa. 

Some Grammatical Structures

Simple tenses:

present

Affirmative form

S + v + c                     Juan sells books

Negative form           Juan does not sell books

S + aux +n +v +c

Interrogative form

Aux + s +v + c           Does Juan sell books?

Auxiliar:   DO      =   I  you  we  they

                Does  =   he  she  it

Past

Affirmative form

S + vp + c                   Juan sold books

Negative form           Juan did not sell books

S + aux +n +v +c

Interrogative form

Aux + s +v + c           Did Juan sell books?

Auxiliar: Did      =   I  you  we  they

                                he  she  it

future

Affirmative form

S +will + v + c            Juan will sell books

Negative form           Juan will not sell books

S + aux +n +v +c

Interrogative form

Aux + s +v + c           will Juan sell books?

Auxiliary: will      =   I  you  we  they

                                he  she  it

Conditional

Affirmative form

S +would + v + c        Juan would sell books

Negative form           Juan would not sell books

S + aux +n +v +c

Interrogative form

Aux + s +v + c           would Juan sell books?

Auxiliary: would      =   I  you  we  they

                                     he  she  it

Progressive tenses

Present

Affirmative form

S + am  is  are + v-ing + c =  I am studying English

Negative form

S + am is are + not + v-ing + c = I am not  studying English

Interrogative form

Am is are + s + v-ing + c  = Am I studying English?

Past

Affirmative form

S + was  were + v-ing + c =  I was studying English

Negative form

S + was were + not + v-ing + c = I was not  studying English

Interrogative form

Was  were + s + v-ing + c  = was I studying English?

Future

Affirmative form

S + will be + v-ing + c =  I will be studying English

Negative form

S + will  not + be + v-ing + c = I will not be  studying English

Interrogative form

will + s + be + v-ing + c  = will I be studying English?

Conditional

Affirmative form

S + would be + v-ing + c =  I would be studying English

Negative form

S + would  not be + v-ing + c = I would not be  studying English

Interrogative form

would + s + be + v-ing + c  = would I be studying English?

En todos los casos la forma negativa se puede contraer. ex

will not = won`t

PERFECT TENSES

Debes saber la conjugación del verbo to have que te servirá de auxiliar.

Present                                                   past

I   you   we   they  =  have                    I you he she it we they

He   she    it   =  has                               = had

                                               spanish

                                     

He  has  ha  hemos  han                      había  habías  habían

Ppv = participio presente/pasado del verbo. Tercera columna del listado de verbos. Speak    spoke    spoken

Present  perfect

Affirmative form

S + have  has + ppv + c              I have studied the lesson

Negative form

S + have  has + not + ppv + c    I have not studied the lesson

Interrogative form

Have  has + s + ppv + c              Have I studied the lesson?

Past perfect

Affirmative form

S + had + ppv + c                I had studied the lesson

Negative form

S + had + not + ppv + c     I had not studied the lesson

Interrogative form

Had  + s + ppv + c               Had I studied the lesson?

Future perfect

Affirmative form

S + will + have + ppv + c             I will have studied the lesson

Negative form

S + will + not + have + ppv + c   I will not have studied the lesson

Interrogative form

Will + s + Have + ppv + c             will I have studied the lesson?

Conditional  perfect

Affirmative form

S + would + have + ppv + c                       I would have studied the lesson

Negative form

S + would + not + have + ppv + c      I would not have studied the lesson

Interrogative form

Would + s + Have + ppv + c                     would I have studied the lesson?

Progressive  perfect  tenses

Present

Affirmative form

S + have  has + been + v-ing + c              I have been studying the lesson

Negative form

S + have has + not + been + v-ing + c         I have not been studying         the    lesson

Interrogative form

Have has + s + been + v-ing + c         have I been studying the lesson?

Past

Affirmative form

S + had + been + v-ing + c                       I had been studying the lesson

Negative form

S + had + not + been + v-ing + c         I had not been studying         the       lesson

Interrogative form

Had + s + been + v-ing + c                   had I been studying the lesson?

Future

Affirmative form

S + will have + been + v-ing + c         I will have been studying the lesson

Negative form

S + will + not +have + been + v-ing + c    I will not have  been studying         the lesson

Interrogative form

Will + s Have  + been + v-ing + c     will I have been studying the lesson?

Conditional

Affirmative form

S + would + have  + been + v-ing + c            I would have been  studying the lesson

Negative form

S + would + not have + been + v-ing + c   I have not been studying         the lesson

Interrogative form

would + s + have + been + v-ing + c  would I have been studying the lesson?

Al igual que en los tiempos simples, puedes hacer contracción

en los tiempos compuestos.

REMEMBER:

Verb to be:  ser, estar

Present:                                                  past:

Affirmative form

Am  =  I                                                     was =    I   he   she  it

Is     =   he   she   it                                 were =   you   we  They

Are  =   we  you   They

Negative form

I am not a teacher                                 I was not a teacher

Interrogative form

Am I a teacher?                                     Was I a teacher?